BIOLOGY

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Cofactors: A substance that must join with another to produce a given result. If its organic it turns into a coenzyme, which is basically made by vitamins. ([|www.wordreference.com]) - Examples: ([])
 * ~ COFACTORS ||~ ENZYMES OR PROTEIN ||
 * = Zn ++ ||= Carbonic anhydrase ||
 * = Zn ++ ||= Alcohol dehydrogenase ||
 * = Fe +++ or Fe ++ ||= Cytochromes, hemoglobin ||
 * = Fe +++ or Fe ++ ||= Ferredoxin ||
 * = Cu ++ or Cu + ||= Cytochrome oxidase ||
 * = K + and Mg ++ ||= Pyruvate phosphokinase ||

__Enzymes:__ Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions. ([|www.wordreference.com]) - Basic Function: Increase rate of reaction. - They regulate themselves from states of low activity, to high activity and vice versa.

__Ribozymes:__ RNA molecule that catalyzes a chemical reaction. ([|www.wikipedia.com]) - Examples: Ribonuclease P / Ribosomal RNA

__Vitamins:__ Any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism. ([|www.wordreference.com]) -Examples: Vitamin A ( Present in food that comes from animals) Vitamin C ( It helps bones, teeth and blood vessels grow well) Vitamin D ( Present in dairy products, like yolk) Vitamin E ( Present in yolk and vegetal oil) Vitamin K ( Prevents hemorrhage because it helps blod coagulate)


 * Webquest Biomolecules :D**



Resources: [] ; [|www.wikipedia.org] ; [|www.wordeference,com]

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Mitochondrial Disease

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 * Diabetes & Deafness: Aso called maternal inheritance, is caused by a deformation in the mitochondria's DNA.
 * Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: it causes lose of vision within 2 - 8 weeks, it could affect both eyes & it also may cause an eye pain or discomffort. At first, the ptic nerve beguns to degenerate & blood vessels begun to change around the optic disc.
 * Leigh Syndrome: Is a result from 'genetic defect producing deficiencies in enzyme complexes and functional disturbance of the mitochondria' ([])
 * Myoneurogenic gastrointestinal encephalopathy: Is a non-common disease that usually appears 20 - 50 years. this disease causes a multisystem disorder causing ptosis, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, gastrointestinal dysmotility (often pseudoobstruction), diffuse leukoencephalopathy, thin body habitus, peripheral neuropathy, and myopathy.

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Atherosclerosis

Our lifestyle affects in some ways our health and the cell membrane because we sometimes do or consume some things that are really bad for our organism. For example fats affect our organism and our cells, therefore it also affects the cell membranes. Some people consume a very harmful element, drugs, it affects all our organism and life because it has chemical elements that damage them. Another "drug" os cigarette, the smoke that it preoduces affects no only your organism, it affects the organisms of people aroun you. So that´s why I think that we are the mayor causes of our diseases, that are sometimes taken without care when they are very important

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Endosymbiotic Theory  It tries to explain us about the origins of the mitochondria and chloroplast, which are the organelles of eukaryotic cells. According to this theory these were originated by endocytosis of bacteria and blue-green algae, that then came to live inside eukaryotic cells. It also tells that mitochondria came from aerobic bacteria, and chloroplasts came form andosymbiosis cyanobacteria.

Factors in favor of this theory: - The outer membrane is similar to the plasma membrane. - Mitochondria look a lot like bacteria, and chloroplast looks like blue-green algae.

Factors against the theory: - Both mitochondria and chloroplasts only code for some proteins. Most of this are coded by the nuclear DNA. - If this theory is true, then what was the origina eukaryotic cell? Why have not a primitive eukaryotic cells ever be found without these organelles?

websites: - www.morris.umn.edu - www.bio-medicine.org

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Connection between Aristotle, Lazzaro Apallanzani, Franceso Redi & Louis Pasteur

The connection between them is that Aristotle proposed a theory that said that spontaneus generation existed, any microorganism could appear from another organism that was already dead. This theory was wrong and Spallanzani, Redi and Pasteur proved it:

-Spallanzani made an experiment with broth of meat in some carefully closed recipients and after a certainly period of time he opened them and found out that there wasn't any microorganism there. -Redi made an experiment that proved that larvas doesn't appear if the dead organic material is prevent from the flies' eggs. So that mean that microorganisms doesn't appear in dead organisms, another proof that ther isn't spontaneus generation. -Pasteur proved that any process of fermentation and organic decomposition is because of the action of alive organisms and that the growth in the broth wasn't because of spontaneus generation.



websites: [|www.wikipedia.org] [|www.biografiasyvidas.com] [|www.diarioperfil.com.ar] [|www.monografias.com] [|www.profesorenlinea.com] _

  